Just the Facts: Re-Entry
August 30, 2006
This year, 650,000 people will be released from prisons and over 7 million will be released from jails.[1]
Before Prison/Jail | In Prison/Jail | After Release/On Parole |
Only 66% of prisoners were employed (full or part time) in the month before their current arrest.[2] 50% (of people leaving prison) had earned less than $600 a month before imprisonment. [3] Of convicted jail inmates, 2/3 were actively involved with drugs before admission and slightly more than 1/3 were using drugs or alcohol at the time of the offense.[4] | In 2003, American taxpayers spent $63 billion on corrections, compared with $9 billion in 1982.[5] 46% of men in prison ages 18 – 34 have a high school diploma or equivalent vs. 82% in the general population.[6] The incidence of serious mental illness (schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder) is two to four times higher among prisoners than the general population.[7] | Approximately 2/3 of all people released from U.S. prisons are projected to be re-arrested within three years of release.[8] Recidivism rates are 20 to 60% lower for prisoners who have participated in a range of prison programs such as education, vocation and work programs.[9] 50% of prisoners who had no visits their final year in prison were re-arrested their first year on parole, but only 30% of prisoners who had three visits their final year in prison were re-arrested the first year on parole.[10] |
[1] Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) website, US Department of Justice, accessed May 13, 2004.
[2] US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics and Federal Bureau of Prisons, Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities (Washington DC: 1997).
[3] C.W. Harlow, Profile of Jail Inmates, 1996: Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, Washington DC: U.S. Dept. Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 164620, 1998.
[4] Doris James Wilson, Drug Use, Testing, and Treatment in jails, Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (Wash. DC 200), NCJ 179999.
[5] Kristen A. Hughes, Justice Expenditure and Employment in the United States, 2003, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC: 2003).
[6] C.W. Harlow, Education and Correctional Population, US Dept. Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (Wash. DC: 2003), NCJ 195670. Also: U.S Census Bureau, “Educational Attainment in the United States: March 2002, Detailed Tables (PPL-169)”, Table la.
[7] Theodore M. Hammett et al., “Health-Related Issues in Prisoner Reentry” Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 3 (2002): 390-409.
[8] Patrick A. Langan and David J. Levin, Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (Wash. DC:2002), NCJ193427.
[9] Shawn Bushway, “Reentry and Prison Work Programs” (paper presented at the Urban Institute’s Reentry Roundtable, May 2003); Kim A. Hull et al., “Analysis of Recidivism Rates for Participants of the Academic/Vocational/Transition Education Programs Offered by the Virginia Department of Correctional Education,” Journal of Correctional Education 51, no. 2 (200): 256-61; Steven Steurer et al., Three-State Recidivism Study (Lanham, MD: Correctional Educational Association, 2001).
[10] Holt & Miller, Explorations in Inmate-Family Relationships, Summary.
This article originally appeared in the Fall 2006 Issue of Justice Matters
- About Us
- Programs
- Campaigns
- Information Center
- Press Room
- Get Involved



